1. Ἤδη, now) Therefore he had lately written the former Epistle. The seven Canonical Epistles were written by the apostles shortly before their death. While they still remained alive, they had judged that it was less needful for them to write.—αἷς, in which) (plural). Syllepsis.1 The meaning is, in which (second Epistle), as in the former Epistle.—ἐν ὑπομνήσει, by reminding you) ch. 1:12. Ye already know, ver. 3; it is only needful that I should remind you: Jude 5.—εἰλικρινῆ, sincere)